Process of coloring



S. l. JONSSON` PROCESS 0F coL0RING- Filed August 6. 1924 Nov. 16 1926.

Ala/ena l.

Addizbm/ m@ Co/or m. d 0 w d@ M Fm 4 Patented Nov. 16, 1926.

ifi-liifriam i P ai# eNr risica/p, l,

six'riii'v ivan Jonsson, OBROOKLYN; NEW'YonK'-, AssiGioitTo Bene' nin*finfoons-'s' rnrnia'iiririizs, ino., oniinlw Yfoitiz',

Nt A centenarios oaf new Yoan.

Pnozonss or soton-ilus.

Appiicajaqn siejdiingust 6,1924. 'serial No.f73o,39i.

The invention relates to a process of printing on paper or like material, andinore particularly to a process for printing upon Wall i ect in a cordsnce with the inequalities or n n roughness ortho sur-iaceor texture o the iiiaterial, incident to the manufacture there.- of.

An object of the inventionis to get these 1 eiiects in a siinpleandinexpensive manner.

The process may be practiced upon fibrous orcellular material of asoinevvliat absorbent or porous character` interv/ bieb the coloring iiiaterial, of ac-liaracter to be described, may

be 'forced to adesired extent.V The meniber on Whichlthe print is to be for-niedis preferably paper, cardboard ortho like, which" may be referredto generally as elted cellulose material, although other forms of i'ibrous or cellular material, such kas ifarious forms offabric, may be utilized.

Unglazed paper orcardboard' or the like, of an apparently uniform character, and more orlesssniooth actually is niade up' of portionswhich are slightly higher or `hard er, or otherwiseless readily absorbent thany other portions. -This is so beeause of the nianner 1n v'vhich thepaperorvthe like is niade by elting` together cellulosev .carrying and having ini-nedv therewith various' impurities, this bei-ng particularly truein the cheaper grades otpaper.

I have `found that advantage-may be ta-ken of this iact to torina print which will have alpleasinglv mottled variegated or tivotone appearance vin n tural and sur-race" inequalities ofthe lhave-tonnel that certain coloringaiiaterial may be forced into'th'ese depressions While' substantially displacing or elim-inating` it from; tl-ieine projections so, as to Vgivefatwotoneeeet instead off a one-tone Viinish. i'

Inaecorda-nee with the process, the paper orother niaterial iscovered with aptliick gelati-'nous coloring material which is preferably of ai seniistransparent character, and; Which iso snelr a nature' that it will not adhere'to a hard" smoothv roller or other hard nonporous surface .usedv for exerting` pressure in forming thepri-nt. This inay be donevby' pressing a suitablefcharaeter of coloring ina- .ferial .against faudrait@ the rarer vby this er# plicatio` ofpeonsiderable pressure exerted uniformly overthe 'su-ra'celo'fwlthe papen,

Which is covered withv the coloring-material.'

\ eri-nega to produie a variegatedor mottled' accorda-nce with the .str-uo.

The present preferredy niethod of practicing the inve'ntionY oo nsists'inl applyingy to the' pfaper a gelatinous coloring,` inatter preerably wihmitearthy' pigments, 'and one' 'that will Y not adhere to 'the pressure" roll s and the-n "passing the pa-per betiveenayieldable' roller at its and a hard siiiooth face roll fat the front, and e-XertingV considerable pressure,

"such as'to force the coloring' inatter'iiito'the tine de pressions,'and to displace it inostly from 'the higher-.jor harter portionsoithe surface. in suchacase in the resulting print the 'portions of the" suraewhch are, peihaps in'icrscopica11'/, Yhigher, or aiehar'der, or otl'ierivise less absorbent thanother portions, fwill be lighter' in s ade' vthan thev o ier portions of the siirface,"ai`id-'tliis isparticuiarly true' when' the eolorginaterial used ST sHeWl'la ti'-'iiSpalt Cll-fct'lif The higher or harder, or lessl absorbent portions of the paper v. l carry coloring in aterialto a less 'depth'tnan-the otiier portions, and

"rvill accordingly be lighter' in shadein the nni'shedfprint'because of the underlying colorro tliepaper itself for example, showing through toa greater extent? tli'n'in the case ot' tiie other portions.

The invention consists in the process' of printing` and in the various stepsand binations' jof steps thereof, all` as 'descr ied 'more .faiiyq in the renewing,specification i anaeiaimeain ai@ appended iaims.

In order that the invention may be more i-uiiy understood,attention is hereby' ,at rted t@ the` acenii`iary1s 'drerns'f ling part of th's'applicationlad illist ating In the drawings',

' Fig, l is' a `vieivY representing, in vation, Aand partly in section an 'appa V tus by vwhich the printing mayV be eli'ected-in accordance W'ithaffoirn' of 'the p'oce'sfstvhijcli 'onjrnanne'r i jwhicirfiieinventan iiiay be carriedlout'.

'atjtliepr'esent time is deemed desirable, and.

Figfis' as partfialplanvifew ofi! a 'print y'o'rineiiliin v ac'corelance.With/the process on paper or'othe'r suitable material.

R'eer`r-ix'igY to the` drawings, Athe material 41V A "on yWhich -the printisfto be ina'dehis' 'shown being covered with the thick gelatinous coloring material is positioned against a resilient backing and pressure applied uniformly as by means of a smooth surface roller over the covered surface of the paper to force the coloring material into the strip. The paper may be fed from a roll 5 and passed therefrom about a roller 2 which is provided with a somewhat resilient surface, so that it will act as a backing roller. kThe paper passes from roller 2 between the latter and the printing roller 1, which'lias a hard, even, non-porous surface, such as a metal surface. The bearings 3 of roller 1, or if desired, of roller 2, or of both rollers, are adjustable in position for the purpose of adjusting the pressure to be exerted upon the paper and the coloring material thereon.

rl`he coloring material may be placed in a tank 6 above the rollers and fed therefrom through an outlet 7 upon the paper at or slightly above the nip of the rollers, that is, the line in which the greatest pressure is enerted by the rollers upon the paper and col-V -illustrated, the coloring material may feed under its own pressure onto the paper, and tank 6 may be kept filled to a desired depth to insure the proper feed.

The coloring material employed is, as stated, of a thick gelat'inous or jelly-like nature, this coloring material also being of such a character that it will not adhere to the surface of the printing roller 1.

The coloring material is preferably of the character ot' that described and claimed in my application, printing color composition and method of forming same, Serial No. 730,390, tiled August 6, 1924; this coloring material also preferably is of a somewhat transparent character so that the spots or portions of the paper which are'relatively high, or hard, or less absorbent than other portions, as stated, on which there is a reduced quantity of coloring material in the final print, will show through the coloring mterial to some extent in the linal print to produce a more markedly lighter shade.

As an example of the coloring material referred to, as disclosed in said Jonsson application, starch, water, and lye may be mixed cold to form a thick gluey paste, as by adding together water, 104 parts, by weight, potato starch, 9 parts, and mixing therewith 4 parts of saturated water solution of caustic soda lye. This is partly neutralized, as by adding about one part of sullphuric acid. A color solution is then separately formed, as by mixing water, l() parts, boraX, one part, and a desired aniline color, 1 to 2 parts. One part of the color compo- `drawings, comprising a roller 8 sition is now mixedv with ten parts of the base composition or paste, resulting in the non-adhesive, thick gelatinous composition having the character described above.

1f desired, one or more thin coats of coloring matter may be applied to the printing side of the paper before it is introduced between the rolls 1 and 2. An arrangement for this purpose is shown in F ig. 1 of the pressing against the printing side of the paper 1, around the roller 2, and transmitting color to the paper wound fron the trough 9 in which it is partly submerged, such an arrangement, however, not being essential to the present process.

Considerable pressure will be produced upon the covered surface of the paper by roller 1 asthe paper is continuously progressed between the two rollers. The pres .sure used on the rolls is preferably about 500 to 1000 pounds. This pressure will, of course, be applied before the coloring terial has hardened upon the paper.- thick jelly-like consistency of the cololing material insures the same remaining on the surface of the paper and not running, or beingftoo readily absorbed by the high portions, or being too much squeezed out of or olf of the paper. The gelatinous coloring material will be pressed to some extent into the paper because of the porous character of the paper or other base, and because of the fact that the paper is backed by the resilient roller 2. Also, the relatively high, or hard,

or less absorbent-.portions of the paper, in` cident to the manufacture of the same, will, in conjunction with the pressure roll, serve to some extent to press the coloring material aside and over the intermediate relatively depressed or relatively softer, or more absorbent portions. The fact that the coloring material does not adhere to the metal roll, enables the material to be pressed cleanly from the high spots and avoids ag dirty streaky effect. i

The result of the preccs is the production of a print in which the coloring material is present to a less depth or extent upon the surface portions which are relatively higher, or harder, or less absorbent than the other portions, so that the firstnamed portion will be lighter in shade in the finished print than the other portions of the paper on which the coloring material stands to a slightly greater depth, or into which the coloring material has been absorbed more fully. This effect is particularly marked when the coloring material is somewhat transparent, as stated, which result may be obtained by the provision of suitabley aniline or other coloring agent in the coloring material'. A portion of a print produced by the process is indicated in Fig. 2, which has a pleasi'ngly mottled or variegated appearance with certain lll() irregularly disposed areas, or portions of the print, such as those indicated at l() being of a darker shade than other portions, such as those indicated at 1l.

It should be understood that the invention is not limited strictly tothe exact details which have been particularly described, but that a considerable scope of equivalents is included Within the invention, the nature of the invention being indicated by the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,--

l. A process of coloring, which consists in employing a web of absorbent fibrous or cellular material having, from its process of manufacture, surface portions slightly higher, or somewhat less readily absorbent, than other portions, covering said web with a gelatinous semi-transparent coloring material of a character such as to be nonadheive to a hard, non-porous surface, and passing the Web, before the coloring matter thereon has hardened, between a resilient backing roller and a smooth even-surfaced roller to which said coloring material will not adhere, said rollers being adjusted to exert considerable pressure upon the Web and coloring material thereon, to force the coloring material into the Web and thereby utilize the inequalities of surface or texture to produce a mottled or Variegated print.

2. A process of coloring, which consists in covering a surface of a Web of absorbent felted cellular material, having only the surface inequalities incident to its manufacture, With a gelatinous semi-transparent coloring material, of a character such as to be nonadhesive to a hard non-porous surface, and passing the Web, before the coloring matter thereon has hardened, between a resilient backing roller and a smooth even-surfaced roller to which said coloring material Will not adhere, said rollers being adjusted to eX- considerable pressure upon the Web and coloring material thereon, to force the coloring material into the Web and thereby utilize the inequalities of surface or texture to produce a mottled or variegated print.

In testimony whereof have signed my name to this specification.

SIXTEN IVAR JONSSON. 

